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Infrastructure:
In a rail environment is made up of the following components: the tracks (railway lines), Perway (bridges, platforms), signalling technology (robots, points machines and relay rooms), telecommunications systems (surveillance cameras, PA systems and CTCs) and the electrical systems (cables, power lines, gantries).
Infrastructure plays an important role in commuter rail with regard to the safe movements of trains. The need for safer and more effective train control is important as the number, speed, mass and length of the trains increase.
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Signalling:
Signalling is defined as a system that controls the movements of trains to and from (communication system between the train and the operating (CTC). Signalling permits the safe movements of trains at maximum permissible speed and minimum headway. It is found at station areas but also interconnects the signalling between stations.
The signalling system is composed of the following essential mechanisms:
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Points :
Points are defined as track equipment, which enables trains to move from one track to another. They are mainly used for the purposes of enabling the movement of one line to another. Points are very important in that they allocate and control the movement of trains on specific lines especially where two lines are joined or at a junction.
In addition a point prevents unauthorized movements of trains including unlawfully deviating a train from its intended direction thereby causing an accident or collision with another train.
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